Obeying Lawful Orders free essay sample

Starbucks Red Flags of Fraud

Starbucks Coffee Company Stephanie Deacon Colorado Technical University Online: ACCT 320-1203A-01 Professor White 6 August 2012 Abstract This paper will give a diagram of Starbucks Coffee Company and recognize seven warnings of conceivable false conduct inside the association. Steps to structure a misrepresentation anticipation program will likewise be examined dependent on the distinguished warnings. Starbucks Coffee Company opened its first store in Seattle, Washington in 1971 contribution new simmered entire bean espressos. Howard Schultz (Starbucks administrator, president and CEO) joined Starbucks in 1982 as chief of retail tasks and promoting. Starbucks starts giving espresso to fine cafés and coffee bars† (Starbucks, 2012). In 1985, â€Å"Howard establishes Il Giornale, offering blended espresso and coffee drinks produced using Starbucks espresso beansâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). After two years Howard Schultz buys Starbucks resources with the assistance of neighborhood financial specialists and Il Giornale changes its name to Starbucks Corporation and stores open in Chicago and Vancouver, Canada expanding the all out number of stores to 17.Starbucks at present has more than 16,000 stores in 50 nations and considers the organization â€Å"the head roaster and retailer of forte espresso in the worldâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Starbucks statement of purpose is â€Å" to motivate and sustain the human soul one individual, one cup, and one neighborhood at a timeâ€Å" (Starbucks, 2012). Starbucks alludes to their representatives as accomplices and their center is to make a working environment that qualities and regards individuals from various foundations and to lead business in a moral manner.Starbucks has a business and morals consistence program set up to help guarantee that all workers settle on moral choices in the working environment. Notwithstanding its retail outlets, the Starbucks brand of gourmet espressos, to drink Frappuccino and twofold shot beverages and desserts are likewise sold in staple and accommodation store outlets. Starbucks absolute net incomes as of â€Å"fiscal year finishing Oct 2, 2011 was $11,700. 4 (in millions) which was an expansion from both 2010 financial year end of $10,707. 4 and $9,774. 6 from 2009 respectivelyâ€Å" (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012).As of â€Å"three quarters finished July 1, 2012, Starbucks unaudited net income was $9,935. 4 (millions), up from $8,668. 7 from July 3, 2011. Seven warnings of conceivable extortion Starbucks seems to have a decent tone at the top with its set up fundamental beliefs; anyway there can be cases of misrepresentation going undetected by the reviewers due to management’s abrogate of controls. For instance, with worries about rivalry in the market, upper administration could take part in making invented incomes to make Starbucks look as though the organization was performing better than it really is. â€Å"McDonald’s 2011 yearly incom es were $27. 1 billion† (Hoovers, 2012) in contrast with Starbucks $11. 70 billion and since McDonald’s presented the McCafe line in 2009 to rival Starbucks, it has caught a sizeable bit of the espresso drinker’s advertise. As per Keith O’Brien from the New York Times, â€Å"beverages, on account of smoothies and coffee drinks, are presently a $9 billion yearly business for McDonald’s in the United States† (O’Brien 2012). This kind of rivalry could pressure Starbucks the executives to blow up the company’s income and one key zone where this could be practiced is with ill-advised income recognition.Starbucks sells store esteemed gift vouchers called Starbucks cards where clients load cash on the cards for later use in any taking an interest Starbucks area. â€Å"Revenues from†¦stored esteem cards, basically Starbucks Cards, are perceived when recovered, or when we perceive breakage income† (Starbucks Annual Report, 20 11). Breakage salary is ordinarily perceived when the reclamation of the cards is probably going to be remote dependent on previous history. Exceptional card adjusts are remembered for conceded income on the parity sheet.Management could record this conceded income on the pay articulation rather at year end, along these lines transforming a conceivably powerless quarter into an a lot more grounded one. Income acknowledgment profoundly affects a company’s salary explanation, and â€Å"not holding fast to income acknowledgment measures could bring about exaggerating income and total compensation in one detailing period and downplaying income and total compensation in a resulting period† (Spiceland, Sepe, and Nelson, 2011, p. 30). â€Å"Typically, a senior official who is slanted to â€Å"cook the books† has ow moral norms, however this quality may regularly be hard to recognize before the commission of a crime† (White Collar Crime Fighter, n. d. ). Another warning would be the executives reluctant to give mentioned material to inspectors, for example, money related reports for dread they will reveal the extortion. The second territory of worry for warnings of extortion would ascribe to representative conduct. For example, a representative who will not take excursion or wiped out time could be taking part in deceitful activities.If a worker were stealing from the organization, â€Å"he would reject get-away or advancement because of a paranoid fear of detection† (Hancox, n. d. ). Extra warnings to keep an eye out for with representative conduct changes would acquire cash from associates, â€Å"excessive betting or drinking, or boasting about huge new purchases† (Hancox, n. d. ). High worker turnover is another marker of potential extortion particularly in a zone of the association that is increasingly helpless against misrepresentation, for example, payroll.High representative turnover can likewise be ascribed to low conf idence and this could be a warning of damaging administration who might be taking part in false action and ought not be disregarded. High turnover at the official degree of the organization would likewise be a warning pointer that extortion may be happening. Inside controls identified with stock envelop an enormous zone ready for misrepresentation inside Starbucks. Stock arrangements with buying, accepting, delivery, handling and distributions and if controls are disregarded it could truly affect the company’s money related health.For model, high volumes of buys from new sellers could be a warning for extortion as this could show an imaginary organization has been made and products could be transported to a phony location at that point taken. Another warning would be â€Å"purchasing specialists that get merchant installments as opposed to have it mailed† (Hancox, n. d. ). Surprising increment in the book estimation of stock or moderate stock turnover could be a warnin g for misrepresentation. For instance, Starbucks stock for â€Å"year end 2010 was $543. 3(millions) and $965. 8 for year end 2011† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012).The COSO report showed that â€Å"about 50 percent of the examined misrepresentation organizations exaggerated resources by recording imaginary resources or resources not proprietor or promoted things that ought to have been expensed†¦and the most ordinarily misquoted resource was inventory† (Rezaee and Riley, 2010, p. 101). Finance is another region that can be profoundly powerless to extortion. Various things to search for would be the work force office announcing fresh recruits or fired representatives to the finance division to guarantee that checks are setting off to the opportune individuals and that invented representatives have not been created.Another issue would have pre-numbered checks and having the arrangement checked. On the off chance that this inner control isn't set up, at that point it is conceivable to give watches that have not been recorded in the framework. Finance checks ought to alos be approved by two people marks to guarantee that unapproved installments are not made because of blunder or extortion. The company’s hierarchical structure could be a pointer of warnings for misrepresentation. The main thing to search for would be the tone at the highest point of the company.Unethical business lead by administrators is a key warning notwithstanding high turnover of top officials. An away from of power is absent, â€Å"irresponsible corporate administration, and nonexistent corporate implicit rules and a decentralized association structure without satisfactory monitoring† (Rezaee and Riley, 2010, p. 107). The corporate strategic of amplifying benefits and that's it. The review panel is incapable, unpracticed and not fit for playing out their obligations. Money related execution warnings could incorporate abnormal fast development during an industr y financial droop. Sudden and sharp reductions in profit or piece of the overall industry by the industry† (Rezaee and Riley, 2010, p. 110). Unfriendly lawful conditions could likewise prompt fake conduct. Starbucks is occupied with a court hearing with Kraft Foods asserting a material penetrate of agreement by Kraft and Starbucks stopped their dispersion course of action with Kraft as of March 1, 2011. â€Å"On December 6, 2010, Kraft started a government court activity against Starbucks, entitled Kraft Foods Global, Inc. v. Starbucks Corporation, in the U. S.District Court for the Southern District of New York (the â€Å"District Court†) looking for injunctive help to forestall Starbucks from ending the circulation game plan until the parties’ debate is settled through the mediation proceeding† (Starbucks Annual Report, 2012). The order was denied and Starbucks has since kept up control of their bundled espresso dissemination. Starbucks is uncertain of t he budgetary harm that the break by Kraft has caused and will in all probability have the option to gauge the harms in mid-2012. Extortion Prevention Program It is the association's obligation to make a culture of trustworthiness and high morals and to plainly impart satisfactory conduct and desires for each employee† (AICPA, 2012). The tone at the highest point of Starbucks must comprise of good, legitimate individuals with high honesty,

Innovation, creativity and design

Development alludes to the way toward interpreting a specific thought or innovation to an item or administration to be paid for by individuals. This implies advancement includes a monetary expense with an end goal to fulfill a specific need. For development to be powerful, a lot of creative mind, imagination and activity is required so as to determine a high worth. Promoting We will compose a custom exposition test on Innovation, innovativeness and structure explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Rossouw (2009, p.409), advancement is a significant road through which a business venture build up its upper hand. Organizations which are not imaginative in their activity procedure experience hindered development and improvement. Then again, plan involves the way toward working out the structure of something. What's more, structure goes about as the arrangement to be utilized during the time spent building up an item or administration. Thinking about the force of rivalry among organizations, fuse of the idea of structuring is fundamental. For instance, planning causes a business venture to separate itself from different undertakings in a similar industry. Thus, the firm can pull in and hold a high client base because of its capacity to give items and administrations which finish into utility boost among clients. Imagination alludes to the capability of coming up powerful thoughts and making an interpretation of them into the real world. In business, imagination is the capacity to do things another way in an improved and creative way. It is a basic idea of development since it is related with sidelong reasoning in this way concocting new thoughts. As per Proctor (2005, p.6), business people can have the option to grow new items and administrations to address the market needs through imagination. This implies inventiveness empowers ventures to adapt to the dynamic business condition. What's more, innovativeness empowers business to accompli sh a compelling business sector position thus expanding its serious limit. Similitudes and contrasts Innovation, structure and imagination bear a few likenesses since the three are worried about key situating of business undertakings. A business with a shocking mix of the three requirements is depicted as antiquated. Business ought to persistently improve, structure, and make so as to pull in potential clients and hold the current ones. Accordingly, a high client base will be accomplished. Publicizing Looking for exposition on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For a business to withstand the mounting rivalry, it must have an expert group answerable for leading statistical surveying. This will empower the firm to build up reasonable enhancements basic to the business. What's more, the exploration group aggregately with the inventive group ought to outfit the methods of executing and dealing with the id eal developments. Regardless of the solid connection between the three ideas, there are various contrasts which exist between the two. For instance, inventiveness involves the way toward producing new thoughts or activities. Then again, advancement is the procedure by means of which inventive and new thoughts created are applied. Configuration is a thought or an item that has been created from a recognized need. As it were, development is a splendid new idea while configuration alludes to the structure of items. Also, the three impact the presentation of business in an unexpected way. End Entrepreneurs ought to think about joining of the ideas of advancements, structure and imagination in their activity. This is because of the advantages related with these ideas in guaranteeing that their organizations prevail in a serious domain. Numerous organizations have benchmarked other businesses’ methods of working together while others have focused on culminating their activities so as to increase improved returns. So as to improve their exhibition contrasted with their rivals, firm’s supervisory crews should expand their emphasis on development, plan and inventiveness. Reference List Proctor, T. (2005). Imaginative critical thinking for supervisors: creating abilities for dynamic and advancement. London: Routledge. Rossouw, D. (2009). Business the board: a contemporary methodology. Claremont: Juta and organization Limited.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Innovation, innovativeness and plan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper on Innovation, inventiveness and configuration was composed and put together by client Braden H. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; notwithstanding, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Biography of Gabriel Garcia Moreno - Gabriel Garcia Moreno Profile

Account of Gabriel Garcia Moreno - Gabriel Garcia Moreno Profile Gabriel Garcia Moreno, President of Ecuador 1860-1865, 1869-1875: Gabriel Garcã ­a Moreno (1821-1875) was an Ecuadorian legal advisor and legislator who filled in as President of Ecuador from 1860 to 1865 and again from 1869 to 1875. In the middle of, he managed through manikin organizations. He was a resolute preservationist and Catholic who accepted that Ecuador would possibly succeed when it had solid and direct connections to the Vatican. He was killed in Quito during his subsequent term. Early Life of Gabriel Garcia Moreno: Garcã ­a was conceived in Guayaquil yet moved to Quito at a youthful age, examining law and religious philosophy at Quito’s Central University. By the 1840’s he was becoming well known as a clever, articulate preservationist who railed against the progressivism that was clearing South America. He nearly entered the ministry, however was talked out of it by his companions. He traveled to Europe in the late 1840’s, which served to additionally persuade him that Ecuador expected to oppose every single liberal thought so as to thrive. He came back to Ecuador in 1850 and assaulted the decision nonconformists with more denunciation than any other time in recent memory. Early Political Career: By at that point, he was a notable speaker and essayist for the moderate reason. He was ousted to Europe, however returned and was chosen Mayor of Quito and selected Rector of the Central University. He likewise served in the senate, where he turned into the main traditionalist in the country. In 1860, with the assistance of Independence veteran Juan Josã © Flores, Garcã ­a Moreno held onto the administration. This was amusing, as he had been a supporter of Flores’ political foe Vicente Rocafuerte. Garcã ­a Moreno immediately pushed through another constitution in 1861 which legitimized his standard and permitted him to begin dealing with his professional Catholic plan. Garcã ­a Moreno’s Unflagging Catholicism: Garcã ­a Moreno accepted that just by building up close connections to the congregation and the Vatican would Ecuador progress. Since the breakdown of the Spanish provincial framework, liberal lawmakers in Ecuador and somewhere else in South America had seriously shortened church power, removing area and structures, making the state liable for instruction and at times ousting ministers. Garcã ­a Moreno set out to switch every last bit of it: he welcomed Jesuits to Ecuador, put the congregation accountable for all training and reestablished ministerial courts. Normally, the 1861 constitution pronounced Roman Catholicism the official state religion. A Step Too Far: Had Garcã ­a Moreno halted with a couple of changes, his inheritance may have been extraordinary. His strict enthusiasm knew no limits, be that as it may, and he didn't stop there. His objective was a close religious state controlled by implication by the Vatican. He announced that lone Roman Catholics were full residents: every other person had their privileges stripped away. In 1873, he had the congress commit the Republic of Ecuador to â€Å"The Sacred Heart of Jesus.† He persuaded Congress to send state cash to the Vatican. He felt that there was an immediate connection among human advancement and Catholicism and proposed to implement that interface in his home country. Gabriel Garcia Moreno, Dictator of Ecuador: Garcã ­a Moreno was unquestionably a despot, albeit one whose type had been obscure in Latin America previously. He seriously constrained free discourse and the press and composed his constitutions to suit his plan (and he disregarded their limitations when he wished). Congress was there just to support his orders. His staunchest pundits left the nation. In any case, he was atypical in that he felt that he was representing the best of his kin and submitting his general direction to a higher force. His own life was severe and he was an incredible enemy of defilement. Achievements of President Morenos Administration: Garcã ­a Moreno’s numerous achievements are frequently eclipsed by his strict enthusiasm. He balanced out the economy by setting up a proficient treasury, presenting another cash and improving Ecuador’s universal credit. Outside speculation was empowered. He gave great, minimal effort instruction by getting Jesuits. He modernized agribusiness and assembled streets, including a conventional wagon track from Quito to Guayaquil. He likewise included colleges and expanded understudy enlistment in advanced education. Outside Affairs: Garcã ­a Moreno was acclaimed for intruding in the undertakings of neighboring countries, with the objective of taking them back to the congregation similarly as he had finished with Ecuador. He twice did battle with neighboring Colombia, where President Toms Cipriano de Mosquera had been abridging church benefits. The two intercessions finished in disappointment. He was frank in his help of Austrian transplant Emperor Maximilian of Mexico. Passing and Legacy of Gabriel Garcã ­a Moreno: Disregarding his achievements, the nonconformists (the vast majority of them in a state of banishment) hated Garcã ­a Moreno with an enthusiasm. From wellbeing in Colombia, his harshest pundit, Juan Montalvo, composed his popular tract â€Å"The Perpetual Dictatorship† assaulting Garcã ­a Moreno. When Garcã ­a Moreno pronounced that he would not give up his office after his term terminated in 1875, he started to quit fooling around death dangers. Among his foes were the Freemasons, committed to completion any association among chapel and state. On August 6, 1875, he was executed by a little gathering of professional killers using blades, cleavers and guns. He passed on close to the Presidential Palace in Quito: a marker can at present be seen there. After learning the news, Pope Pius IX requested a mass said in his memory. Garcã ­a Moreno didn't have a beneficiary who could coordinate his knowledge, ability and intense moderate convictions, and the legislature of Ecuador self-destructed for some time as a progression of brief despots assumed responsibility. The individuals of Ecuador didn’t truly need to live in a strict religious government and in the tumultuous years that followed Garcã ­a Morenos passing the entirety of his favors to the congregation were removed indeed. At the point when liberal torch Eloy Alfaro got down to business in 1895, he made a point to expel all remnants of Garcã ­a Moreno’s organization. Current Ecuadorians consider Garcã ­a Moreno an intriguing and significant authentic figure. The strict man who acknowledged death as suffering today keeps on being a mainstream subject for biographers and authors: the most recent abstract work on his life is Sã © que vienen a matarme (â€Å"I realize they are coming to kill me†) a work that is half-memoir and half-fiction composed by acclaimed Ecuadorian essayist Alicia Yaã ±ez Cossio. Source: Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Sample Memoir Essay - Methods For the Writing Process

Sample Memoir Essay - Methods For the Writing ProcessIn the many sections of your sample memoir essay, there is a standard pattern you can follow. However, there are instances when there are more complex examples that may require the guidance of a qualified instructor or a colleague. A memoir is often written with a series of chapters and this pattern ensures that each chapter will stand alone as part of the larger theme.Each chapter has a new approach, and there will be only one large conclusion that contains the major idea for the entire book. The book will be an expression of the author's life and will tell of his or her 'story' in chronological order. This is different from how most written memoirs end, in which each event is briefly mentioned setting up a concluding thought. It is no accident that such books end in a whimper rather than a bang, because the momentum gained by such books leads the reader on to the next shorter book.History has taken a long way since the publicatio n of the book Notes on a Scandal. A proper memoir is one that reveals the facts as they were, rather than summaries of the events or reporting of them. After all, it is only natural that you should write down the story of your life, but you don't want to embellish or distort facts for the sake of pleasing someone else. A properly written memoir essay, like a true, true story, never changes facts to suit the mood of the beholder.In the samples of memoir essay that are available on the market, it is easy to find the old and the new. These books are loaded with a great deal of information that is typical of today's lives. For example, some books are filled with news stories about everything from the World Trade Center attack to the homeless in San Francisco. One will also find books that contain photos of celebrities who have recently died, in honor of their memory.Thepatterns for samples of memoir essay are as varied as the subjects that are covered. Your samples should also include o ther styles of writing. Perhaps the best samples of memoir essays are those that draw their content from interviews. When you take the time to hear directly from the writer of the memoir, it gives him or her the opportunity to speak without any pretense of being authoritative. In fact, if you follow the norms of autobiography, the interviewee would seem like the real author of the memoir.Often, the best sample memoir essay can be found through an online forum. People share their thoughts and experiences, and anecdotes may crop up that add a personal touch to the story. You may need to narrow your searches a bit further to find your samples of memoir essay. As mentioned, it is usually the case that the majority of memoirs are written by people who had lived previous lives. And with that in mind, your samples will need to include a wide range of personal experiences, and sometimes they will be included through discussion.Take the time to listen to what others have to say and to read t hrough online forums. This way, you will find that you are drawn to the ideas and insights of others. Before you know it, you will be creating samples of memoir essay with many different characters and perspectives. You will be finding ideas that you previously thought were unique and unusual.Finally, you may want to think about writing your memoir essay yourself. Of course, this is not always possible, but if you do write a book yourself, it will be so much easier for you to put your characters' perspectives into words. You will be able to pull the 'realness' out of the 'fiction' of your memoir essay, and in the end you will have a far better book than you did before you began writing.

A new methodology for a changing world ExO Works announces FTSE 100 ExQ rankings Hult Blog

Written by Laura Chung, a Hult staff blogger. Companies are growing, and failing, faster than ever before. It is predicted that in 10 years, 40% of todays Fortune 500 companies will no longer exist. In a world of rapidly evolving technologies and globalization, companies that leverage exponential technologies and embrace a shifting global business mindset will adapt and thrive in this era being dubbed the fourth industrial revolution. [Tweet In 10 years, 40% of todays Fortune 500 companies wont exist.] ExO Works is an advisory firm that was founded in response to the growing need to help organizations adapt and transform. They’ve developed the Exponential Quotient (ExQ) score, which provides a framework that indicates an organization’s ability to adapt and scale with the agility required to thrive in a new era of accelerating, or exponential, technologies. Hult students helped ExO Works to measure each of the FTSE 100 for these attributes and score them accordingly. The ExQ FTSE rankings were announced on Thursday 28 June at Hult’s Ashridge campus in Berkhamsted U.K, with Vodafone, Barclays, and Burberry all making the top ten. You can see Salim Ismail, Co-founder and Chairman of ExO Works, announcing the rankings in the video below: Hult’s President, Dr. Stephen Hodges, said of the collaboration: â€Å"The challenge that all schools are facing right now is how do you train students for jobs that don’t exist yet? Hult is adapting to that in a number of ways: for example by introducing them to the newest concepts in business, like ExO Works’ Exponential Organizations. Also by ensuring they have access to the very latest developments in technology, through initiatives like our new nano courses, which focus on disruptive technologies and their implications for business. And finally by exposing them to cutting edge thinking through opportunities for research and collaboration with innovative companies.† Salim Ismail, ExO Works’ Co-founder and Chairman, and co-author of the bestselling Exponential Organizations, has partnered with Hult on a number of occasions. He recently spoke at Hult’s London campus as part of the schools worldwide Day of Disruption and last year worked with Hult faculty to produce the ExQ (Exponential Quotient) ranking of the Fortune 100. This year, Hult students were involved in researching each of the FTSE 100 and mapping the information to the ExQ framework. It was an intense research project to add to an already busy schedule. So what made students want to participate, and what did they get from the project? We spoke to four MBA students who took part to find out: So, why did you decide to take part in researching the FTSE 100 for the ExQ rankings? â€Å"I heard Salim Ismail talk at Hult’s Day of Disruption and I was really captivated by his speech. So I jumped at the chance to work with him and his team,† said Alex Houghton (British, MBA Class of 2017) Jane Furness (Australian, MBA Class of 2017) also heard Salim speak: â€Å"I was very impressed with Salim at Hult’s Day of Disruption so that’s what initially drew me to the project. Throughout my entire MBA program, any extracurricular experience I could get that could help bridge my career from where Ive come to where I want to be, I’ve taken.† It was intriguing, analyzing the FTSE 100 in terms of how forward-thinking they were. Peter Hemingway (American, MBA Class of 2017) and Rodrigo Forte (Venezuelan, MBA Class of 2017) were fascinated by the concept of Exponential Organizations and wanted to know more. â€Å"I thought it was intriguing, analyzing the FTSE 100 in terms of how forward-thinking they were. I thought it would be a good learning experience to dive deep into the companies and see how they stacked up† said Peter. Rodrigo had similar motivations: â€Å"What got my attention was the fact they were creating this framework to predict whether or not a company would be able to adapt and scale very quickly, and I wanted to know what was behind it.† The teams from Hult and ExO Works at the announcement of the ExQ FTSE 100 rankings. From right to left: Rodrigo Forte, Frederik du Bois, Alex Houghton, Mila Vukojevic, Peter Hemingway, Jane Furness, Salim Ismail, Stephen Hodges. What skills did the project help you to develop? Rodrigo: â€Å"Learning more about the agile framework was very useful. We’d been introduced to it in class but being involved in this project meant that I did a lot of independent research and now I have a much deeper understanding. Extracurricular activities only enhance your MBA experience and you actually get much more out of the program if you take part.† Jane: â€Å"I didn’t know much about the FTSE 100 before I started this project so to learn about the inner workings of the companies was incredibly interesting. The most significant thing I’ve got out of my extracurricular projects, like this one for ExO Works, is the networks I’ve built.† Extracurricular activities only enhance your MBA experience and you actually get much more out of the program if you take part.† Peter: â€Å"You need to be able to put theory into practice – projects like this test the skills we’re learning in class and push you outside of your comfort zone and force you to engage with people you don’t come across in class.† Alex: â€Å"The purpose of an MBA is to explore business, gaining as much experience as you can out of primary research: actually doing it is fundamental to learning.† Find out more about ExO Works by visiting their website and read the ExQ FTSE 100 rankings in full here. Watch highlights of Salim Ismail’s fascinating speech at Hult’s Day of Disruption here. Read more about Hult’s other student-led research projects with companies including Airbnb, Google, and Ferrari. If you would like to find out more about our business programs,  download a brochure here. Laura Chung is a staff blogger and Hults Global Head of Copy Editorial. Previously a senior copywriter in PayPals Worldwide Creative Studio, she has also written and designed e-learning courses for many well-known brands including Microsoft, Redbull, KPMG, and BT. Laura believes passionately in the power of storytelling in both marketing and learning and indulges her love of stories by writing creatively in her spare time. Hult offers a range of highly skills-focused and employability-driven business school programs including a range of MBA options and a comprehensive one year Masters in International Business. To find out more, take a look at our blog AI big data: Hult builds the next-gen curriculum. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

The Relevance of Organizational Behavior as a Management...

Organizational Behavior: Managing People Objective The objective of this study is to assume the position as principal of a school and to undertake a critical evaluation of the relevance of organizational behavior as a management perspective. The response will emphasize the importance of interpersonal relations, facilitation of group/teams and leadership in improving organizational performance and reflect the knowledge and understanding of the key theoretical concepts and best practices. Background The management process is centered on organizing people into working groups that are effective. A group is reported to be defined as two or more interdependent individuals interacting nd influencing each other in a collective pursuit of a common goal. (Bartol, et al, 2005, p. 461) Thre is reported to be no clearly agreed view of what an organization is ¦ (Bennett, 2001, p.99) Therefore, it can be understood that the reasons that organizations exist is to apply a group effort toward goal achievement. The role played by organizations is significant in nature and the individual is born into organizations for the purpose of play, work, and study. The school principal manages a unique organization that includes various actors and stakeholders and as noted in the work of Thompson (2003) there is a natural division within the large discipline of an organization that can be characterized as micro and macro. (p.1) The school principal must lead in manner that is positiveShow MoreRelatedTran sition From Direct And Organizational Leadership1112 Words   |  5 Pagesdirect and organizational leadership to the strategic level. 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Responsive teachingRead MoreLiterature Review: Work Safety and Total Quality Management (TQM)1434 Words   |  6 PagesWork Safety and Total Quality Management (TQM): Literature Review Worker safety is a factor of critical importance to organizational management. The prevention of workplace accidents, the provision of proper safety equipment, the use of effective training methods, the presence of well-enunciated first-aid procedures and the existence of a consistent policy where safety procedures are concerned all will contribute to the overall safety of a working environment. In turn, the maintenance of a soundRead MoreRegulatory Compliance Controls1712 Words   |  7 Pagescontrols are valued by the equity market with good reason. Buzzetto, N. A. (2011). Management in a web 2.0 world: Risks and counter-measures. 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The course work and team project has helped gain a good perspective from within as team member but, more importantly a gained understanding of how behaviors and personalityRead MoreLearning Theories, Organizational Behaviors, and the Case Study of Joe Salatino2016 Words   |  8 PagesLearning Theorie s, Organizational Behaviors, the Case of Joe Salatino Abstract The paper uses a case study of a fictional business owner and President Joe Salatino. The case study provides a concise description of the work environment and company culture. The paper references learning theories and concepts from organizational behavior to provide insight as to potential improvements to the Salatinos organization. The paper examines aspects of the case study to offer insight as to how theRead MoreUsing Selection Processes for Selecting Potential Employees to Maintain Efficiency and Staffing Quotas815 Words   |  4 Pagesadministrator conducting the interview. In a sense a good recruiter or interview administrator acts like a good counselor. Three behavioral dimensions in particular, were related to better outcomes. The first dimension was non-directive counseling behavior (Bies and Moag, 1986). Most effective interviewers made reference to the job candidates feelings, summarized their statements, and made interesting comments. The second dimension was their listening skills. An interviewer should talk less, nod

Media s Ideal Body Image - 1804 Words

Media’s â€Å"Ideal Body Image† Magazines, commercials, social media, TV shows, movies, and runways, among other outlets, all contribute to constructing the ideal image of what a â€Å"perfect girl† is supposed to look like. But what exactly is perfection? How can someone possibly define such a dynamic characteristic? These portrayed images of â€Å"perfection† set out by media affect the self- esteem of teenage girls, crate cases of eating disorders, and often create cases of bullying. The media should eliminate the idea of â€Å"perfection†, and allow their audiences to witness the truth behind beauty. A teenager’s life revolves around media. According to a recent study conducted by Pew Research Center, this statement claims to stand true. â€Å"Aided by the†¦show more content†¦For years, media has been spoon-feeding girls with the idea that they can only be beautiful if they have a certain set of qualities. Qualities like healthy hair, clear skin, full lips, perky breasts, long legs, curvy hips, and oversized rears. What is behind the reason that so many teenage girls are unhappy with themselves? Why do many of these girls have a desire to fulfill the given stencil of a â€Å"perfect† girl? Because of the way American media defines and advertises beauty. As most people have noticed, most models and celebrities in the media share many physical characteristics, and many teenagers feel pressured to have bodies like they do in order to feel important. They believe that the bodies of these models are the most ideal bodies, since they are seen and admired everywhere and anywhere they look, and thus desire to resemble them. With these depicted images and the struggle that come with trying to imitate them comes issues. Issues like self-esteem, eating disorders, and even bullying. Teenage girls in our society are constantly entitled to act, look, and feel a certain way. The pressures that are placed on these girls, to meet a certain standard, often create a sense of failure when such standards aren’t met. â€Å"Self-esteem is a widely-used concept both in popular language and in psychology. It refers to an individual s sense of his or her value or worth, or the extent to which a person values, approves of, appreciates, prizes, or likesShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : The Media s Ideal Body Image1861 Words   |  8 PagesPeople are often exposed to the media s ideal body image, whether it s through magazines, television, toys (e.g. Barbie dolls), or social media, it is almost impossible to avoid it. There are numerous of people who desire to look the way the world defines beauty. And although this may not seem like so much of a bad thing, this can lead to hardships for many people. This type of influence has caused countless individuals to endure an eating disorder in order to get the body they wish to have. 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Nestle Strategic Management - 2356 Words

SYMBIOSIS INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Assignment 1: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT â€Å"Nestle: Case study- SWOT ANALYSIS, PEST ANALYSIS, STRATEGIES† Faculty: Dr. Kasturi Shukla Submitted by: Ms. Nikita Dhanuka 13040141036 INTRODUCTION Starting business in 1866 Henri Nestlà © already understood the importance of collaboration and branding. Now, the company has grown into the world’s leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company and its mission statement is Good Food, Good Life, which means providing consumers with the best-tasting, most nutritious choices in a wide range of food and beverage categories to suit any occasion. Nestlà © is present in 117 countries all over the world. Food and eating habits vary from country to†¦show more content†¦Economic condition varies from country to country. Before starting the baby milk has focus on the above factors. These are the factors that Nestle has to consider before setting corporate objectives. Global economic turmoil has major influence on Nestle business because customers are spending less and they have to adopt different strategies in order to run business smoothly. Social Analysis: Social or cultural environment had great impact on Nestle. The main focus of social/ cultural includes the Social change involves changing attitudes and lifestyles. The social and cultural environment is constantly changing. A different country has different culture (language, religious beliefs, food, family, clothing and their lifestyle). Nestle has to develop strategies which are according to belief and culture in multicultural country like UK. Every country has different consumer taste and lifestyle and Nestle has to develop effective strategies in order to meet different lifestyle consumer behaviour. Company is totally dependent on the consumer lifestyle and their attitude. Product or services cannot be successful until company has enough information about the consumer lifestyle. 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Working under her was an extremely knowledgeable and enriching experience for meRead MoreEvaluating The Strategic Factors And Approaches Of Nestle Company1429 Words   |  6 PagesNestle Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate Nestle Company industry based on the case study and comprehend how the company develops strategic intent for their business organizations following the strategic factors and approaches. I will analyze the strategic management process as firm used to achieve strategic competitiveness. In order to strengthen this assignment about Nestle, there are several methods of gathering data has been conducted, such as Core Competencies analysisRead MoreNestle, A Swiss Company Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesNestlà © SA, a Swiss company founded in 1866 by Henri Nestlà ©. At the beginning, Nestlà © Company focussed in selling infant milk, which provided a substitute for mothers who were unable to breast feed their infant or infants who were unable to suckle their mother’s milk (Nestle.com). Henri Nestles product became a success, creating demand throughout Europe. Nestlà © s product’s reputation grew, more businesses wanted to merge and become partners with Henri Nestlà © s business. From 1866 to 1947, the Nestlà ©Read MoreSuccess Of The Enterprise Management Strategy Change1507 Words   |  7 Pagesmore important to the success of the enterprise management strategy change. Ford, for example, is a famous auto company with a long history, as the second largest car factory ford does have a unique business. While ford cars gradually established production bases in different parts of the world, and has formed the independent status of the world s affiliates. During the period of the competition to follow, the ford motor is used to keep the strategic advantage for a long time, facing the JapaneseRead MoreNestle - Global Strategy Case1650 Words   |  7 Pages1.What is the company’s strategy with regard to business development in emerging markets? Does this strategy make sense? From the NESTLE : GLOBAL STRATEGY case, it can be seen that Nestle generally operates worldwide with the strategy of customization rather than globalization. It moves into consumer markets by using Niche market strategy to become the market leader in each of the niches. It mainly focuses on European markets, which make up 70 percent of its sales. As mentioned, these markets areRead MoreNestle’s Sustainable Growth in Mature Market1512 Words   |  7 Pagessustainable growth in mature market The company establishment Nestle was first founded by Henri Neslte in the 1860s by developing and producing food products for babies who could not adapt mother’s milk. Following the success in baby food products, Henri incorporated with an Anglo-Swiss condensed milk company to develop dairy products, especially for government supply in World War I. High sensitive and quick responding to the demand of consumer, Nestle continued to create and develop new product mix to cannedRead MoreAlignment of Hr Practices with Business Strategy5515 Words   |  23 Pages25 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM) INTRODUCTION This Assignment reveals how Nestle is able to integrate and align it’s HRM practices with the overall business strategy, able to manage the responsibility of identifying, attracting, selecting and moulding employees and provides an evaluation of their recruitment processes and policies .It further discusses the strategic link between Nestles performance management system and its development initiatives and examines Nestles approach to employee

Auteur Theory Howard Hawks and Martin Scorsese Essay...

Use a range of auteur theories to examine the work of two significant directors you have studied on this module. One director should have produced the majority of their work prior to 1960 and the other should have produced it from the 1970s onwards. Discuss the origins and main developments of auteur theory then examine the works of Howard Hawks and Martin Scorsese with relevance to their status as auteur directors. In having their films examined as auteurs of the cinema, both Howard Hawks and Martin Scorsese have been described as great artists whose body of work demonstrates repeated themes and motifs, that put in context reveals a particular belief and world view that is held by the director. In fact, Hawks was among the first†¦show more content†¦Astruc, along with Andre Bazin and the other reviewers of the Cahiers du Cinema developed these principles into what is known as the politique des auteurs. These critics wanted great film to be considered as an art form worthy of the attention given to great literature, music or art. The emphasis behind the politique des auteurs was to oppose the â€Å"established French film criticism with its support for a ‘quality’ cinema of serious social themes† (Cook and Bernink, 240). Though it also stressed that a director could transcend the industrial nature of filmmaking to stamp a unique vision and world view on their films a nd so deserve consideration comparable to an artist of the classical forms. This is highlighted by Jean-Luc Godard’s boast that â€Å"having it acknowledged that a film by Hitchcock, for example, is as important as a book by Aragon. Film authors, thanks to us, have finally entered the history of art† (Godard, 147). Godard was one of the critics who were known as the ‘young Turks’ which also included Francois Truffaut. A certain tendency of the French Cinema (1954) was the article that for many confirmed auteurism as a theory and gave the Cahiers a sense of direction that it was lacking. Principle to this newShow MoreRelatedScorsese1744 Words   |  7 Pagesrange of auteur theories to examine the work of two significant directors you have studied on this module. One director should have produced the majority of their work prior to 1960 and the other should have produced it from the 1970s onwards. Discuss the origins and main developments of auteur theory then examine the works of Howard Hawks and Martin Scorsese with relevance to their status as auteur directors. In having their films examined as auteurs of the cinema, both Howard Hawks and Martin

Gay Parenting Essay Introduction Example For Students

Gay Parenting Essay Introduction Lesbian and Gay ParentingI. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH FINDINGS Charlotte J. Patterson University of Virginia Like families headed by heterosexual parents, lesbian and gay parents and their children are a diverse group (Martin, 1993). Unlike heterosexual parents and their children, however, lesbian and gay parents and their children are often subject toprejudice because of sexual orientation that turns judges, legislators, professionals, and the public against them, frequentlyresulting in negative outcomes such as loss of physical custody, restrictions on visitation, and prohibitions against adoption(Falk, 1989; Editors of the Harvard Law Review, 1990). As with all socially stigmatized groups, the beliefs held generally insociety about lesbians and gay men are often not based in personal experience, but are instead culturally transmitted (Herek,1991). The purpose of this summary of research findings on lesbian and gay parents and their children is to assist psychologistsand other professionals to evaluate widespread beliefs in the light of empirical data and in this way ameliorate the negativeeffects of unwarranted prejudice. Because many beliefs about lesbian and gay parents and their children are open to empiric al test, psychological research canevaluate their accuracy. Systematic research comparing lesbian and gay adults to heterosexual adults only began in the late1950s, and research comparing children of gay and lesbian parents with those of heterosexual parents is of a more recentvintage. Research on lesbian and gay adults began with Evelyn Hookers landmark study (1957) and culminated with thedeclassification of homosexuality as a mental disorder in 1973 (Gonsiorek, 1991). Case reports on children of gay and lesbianparents began to appear in the psychiatric literature in the early 1970s (e.g., Osman, 1972; Weeks, Derdeyn, ; Langman,1975) and have continued to appear (e.g., Agbayewa, 1984). Beginning with the pioneering work of Martin and Lyon (1972),first person and fictionalized descriptions of life in lesbian mother families have also become available (e.g., Alpert, 1988;Clausen, 1985; Jullion, 1985; Mager, 1975; Perreault, 1975; Pollock ; Vaughn, 1987; Rafkin, 1990). Systematic rese arch onthe children of lesbian and gay parents did not, however, begin to appear in major professional journals until 1978, and most ofthe available research has been published more recently. As this summary will show, the results of existing research comparing gay and lesbian parents to heterosexual parents andchildren of gay or lesbian parents to children of heterosexual parents are quite uniform: common sterotypes are not supportedby the data. Without denying the clarity of results to date, it is important also for psychologists and other professionals to be aware thatresearch in this area has presented a variety of methodological challenges, not all of which have been surmounted in everystudy. As is true in any area of research, questions have been raised with regard to sampling issues, statistical power, and othertechnical matters (e.g., Belcastro, Gramlich, Nicholson, Price, ; Wilson, 1993); no individual study is entirely invincible to suchcriticism. One criticism of this bod y of research (Belcastro et al., 1993) has been that the research lacks external validity because it maynot be representative of the larger population of lesbian and gay parents. This criticism is not justified, because nobody knowsthe actual composition of the entire population of lesbian mothers, gay fathers, or their children (many of whom choose toremain hidden) and hence researchers cannot possible evaluate the degree to which particular samples do or do not representthe population. In the long run, it is not the results obtained from any one specific sample, but the accumulation of findings frommany different samples that will be most meaningful. Research in this area has also been criticized for using poorly matched or no control groups in designs that call for suchcontrols. Particularly notable in this category has been the tendency in some studies to compare development among children ofa group of divorced lesbian mothers, many of whom are living with lesbian partners, to t hat among children of a group ofdivorced heterosexual mothers who are not currently living with heterosexual partners. It will be important for future research todisentangle maternal sexual orientation from maternal status as partnered or unpartnered. Other criticisms have been that most studies have involved relatively small samples, that there have been inadequacies inassessment procedures employed in some studies, and that the classification of parents as lesbian, gay, or heterosexual hassometimes been problematic (e.g., some women classified by researchers as lesbian might be regarded as bisexual by otherobservers). It is significant, however, that even with all the questions and/or limitations that may characterize research in thearea, none of the published research suggests conclusions different from those that will be summarized below. This summary consists of four sections. In the first, results of research on lesbian and gay adults (and parents) are summarized. In the second section, a summary of results from research comparing children of lesbian and gay parents with those ofheterosexual parents or with established norms is presented. The third section summarizes research on heterogeneity amonglesbian and gay families with children. The fourth section provides a brief conclusion. A. Lesbian and Gay Parents One belief that often underlies both judicial decision-making in custody litigation and public policies governing foster care andadoption has been the belief that lesbians and gay men are not fit to be parents. In particular, courts have sometimes assumedthat gay men and lesbians are mentally ill, that lesbians are less maternal than heterosexual women, and that lesbians and gaymens relationships with sexual partners leave little time for ongoing parent-child interactions (Editors of the Harvard LawReview, 1990). Results of research to date have failed to confirm any of these beliefs (Falk, 1989, 1994; Patterson, 1994b,1995b, 1996). Ment al Health of Lesbians and Gay Men The psychiatric, psychological, and social-work professions do not consider homosexual orientation to be a mental disorder. More than 20 years ago, the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of mental disorders,stating that homosexuality per se implies no impairment in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocationalcapabilities (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). In 1975, the American Psychological Association took the sameposition and urged all mental health professionals to help dispel the stigma of mental illness that had long been associated withhomosexual orientation (American Psychological Association, 1975). The National Association of Social Workers has a similarpolicy (National Association of Social Workers, 1994). The decision to remove homosexual orientation from the list of mental disorders reflects the results of extensive research,conducted over three decades, showing that homosexual orientation is not a psychological maladjustment (Gonsiorek, 1991;Reiss, 1980; Hart, Roback, Tittler, Weitz, Walston, ; McKee, 1978). The social and other ci rcumstances in which lesbiansand gay men live, including exposure to widespread prejudice and discrimination, often cause acute distress; but there is noreliable evidence that homosexual orientation per se impairs psychological functioning (Freedman, 1971; Gonsiorek, 1991;Hart et al., 1978; Hooker, 1957; Reiss, 1980). Fitness of Lesbians and Gay Men as Parents Beliefs that gay and lesbian adults are not fit parents likewise have no empirical foundation (Cramer, 1986; Falk, 1989; Gibbs,1988; Patterson, 1996). Lesbian and heterosexual women have not been found to differ markedly either in their overall mentalhealth or in their approaches to child rearing (Kweskin ; Cook, 1982; Lyons, 1983; Miller, Jacobsen, ; Bigner, 1981;Mucklow ; Phelan, 1979; Pagelow, 1980; Rand, Graham, ; Rawlings, 1982; Thompson, McCandless, ; Strickland, 1971),nor have lesbians romantic and sexual relationships with other women been found to detract from their ability to care for theirchildren (Pagelow, 1980). R ecent evidence suggests that lesbian couples who are parenting together tend to divide householdand family labor relatively evenly (Hand, 1991; Patterson, 1995a) and to report satisfaction with their couple relationships (Koepke, Hare, Moran, 1992; Patterson, 1995a). Research on gay fathers hassimilarly found no reason to believe them unfit as parents (Barret Robinson, 1990; Bigner and Bozett, 1990; Bozett, 1980,1989). B. Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents In addition to judicial concerns about gay and lesbian parents themselves, courts have voiced three major kinds of fears abouteffects of lesbian or gay parents on children. The first general concern is that development of sexual identity will be impaired among children of lesbian or gay parents-forinstance, that children brought up by gay fathers or lesbian mothers will show disturbances in gender identity and/or in genderrole behavior (Falk, 1989; Hitchens Kirkpatrick, 1985; Kleber, Howell, Tibbits-Kleber, 1986). It has also beensuggested that children brought up by lesbian mothers or gay fathers will themselves become gay or lesbian (Falk, 1989;Kleber et al., 1986). A second category of concerns involves aspects of childrens personal development other than sexual identity (Falk, 1989;Editors of the Harvard Law Review, 1990; Kleber et al., 1986). For example, courts have expressed fears that children in thecustody of gay or lesbian parents will be more vulnerable to mental breakdown, will exhibit more adjustment difficulties andbehavior problems, and will be less psychologically healthy than children growing up in homes with heterosexual parents. A third category of specific fears expressed by the courts is that children of lesbian and gay parents may experience difficultiesin social relationships (Editors of the Harvard Law Review, 1990; Falk, 1989; Hitchens ; Kirkpatrick, 1985). For example,judges have repeatedly expressed concern that children living with lesbian mothers may be stigmatized, teased, or otherwisetraumatized by peers. Another common fear is that children living with gay or lesbian parents may be more likely to be sexuallyabused by the parent or by the parents friends or acquaintances. Sexual Identity Three aspects of sexual identity are considered in the research: gender identity concerns a persons self-identification as male orfemale; gender-role behavior concerns the extent to which a persons activities, occupations, and the like are regarded by theculture as masculine, feminine, or both; sexual orientation refers to a persons choice of sexual partnersi.e., heterosexual,homosexual, or bisexual (Money Earhardt, 1972; Stein, 1993). To examine the possibility that children in the custody oflesbian mothers or gay fathers experience disruptions of sexual identity, research relevant to each of these three major areas ofconcern is summarized below. Gender identity. In studies of children ranging in age from 5 to 14, results of projective testing and related interview procedures have revealed normal development of gender identity among children of lesbian mothers (Green, 1978; Green,Mandel, Hotvedt, Gray, Smith, 1986; Kirkpatrick, Smith, Roy, 1981). More direct assessment techniques to assessgender identity have been used by Golombok, Spencer, and Rutter (1983) with the same result; all children in this studyreported that they were happy with their gender, and that they had no wish to be a member of the opposite sex. There was noevidence in any of the studies of gender identity difficulties among children of lesbian mothers. No data have been reported inthis area for children of gay fathers. Gender-Role Behavior. A number of studies have examined gender-role behavior among the offspring of lesbian mothers(Golombok et al., 1983; Gottman, 1990; Green, 1978; Hoeffer, 1981; Kirkpatrick et al., 1981; Patterson, 1994a). Thesestudies reported that such behavior among children of lesbian mothers fell within typical limits for conventional sex roles. Fo rinstance, Kirkpatrick and her colleagues (1981) found no differences between children of lesbian versus heterosexual mothersin toy preferences, activities, interests, or occupational choices. Rees (1979) administered the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) to 24 adolescents, half of whom had divorced lesbian and halfof whom had divorced heterosexual mothers. The BSRI yields scores on masculinity and femininity as independent factors andan androgyny score from the ratio of masculinity to femininity. Children of lesbian and heterosexual mothers did not differ onmasculinity or on androgyny, but children of lesbian mothers reported greater psychological femininity than did those ofheterosexual mothers. This result would seem to run counter to expectations based on stereotypes of lesbians as lacking infemininity, both in their own demeanor and in their likely influences on children. Sex role behavior of children was also assessed by Green and his colleagues (1986). In interviews with the chil dren, nodifferences between 56 children of lesbian and 48 children of heterosexual mothers were found with respect to favoritetelevision programs, favorite television characters, or favorite games or toys. There was some indication in interviews withchildren themselves that the offspring of lesbian mothers had less sex-typed preferences for activities at school and in theirneighborhoods than did children of heterosexual mothers. Consistent with this result, lesbian mothers were also more likely thanheterosexual mothers to report that their daughters often participated in rough-and-tumble play or occasionally played withmasculine toys such as trucks or guns; however, they reported no differences in these areas for sons. Lesbian mothers wereno more or less likely than heterosexual mothers to report that their children often played with feminine toys such as dolls. Inboth family types, however, childrens sex-role behavior was seen as falling within normal limits. In summary, the resear ch suggests that children of lesbian mothers develop patterns of gender-role behavior that are much likethose of other children. No data are available as yet in this area for children of gay fathers. Sexual Orientation. A number of investigators have also studied a third component of sexual identity: sexual orientation(Bailey, Bobrow, Wolfe, Mikach, 1995; Bozett, 1980, 1982, 1987, 1989; Gottman, 1990; Golombok et al., 1983; Green,1978; Huggins, 1989; Miller, 1979; Paul, 1986; Rees, 1979). In all studies, the great majority of offspring of both gay fathersand lesbian mothers described themselves as heterosexual. Taken together, the data do not suggest elevated rates ofhomosexuality among the offspring of lesbian or gay parents. For instance, Huggins (1989) interviewed 36 teenagers, half ofwhom were offspring of lesbian mothers and half of heterosexual mothers. No children of lesbian mothers identified themselvesas lesbian or gay, but one child of a heterosexual mother did; this diff erence was not statistically significant. In a recent study,Bailey and his colleagues (1995) studied adult sons of gay fathers and found more than 90% of the sons to be heterosexual. Pearl Harbor EssayResearch on parent-child relations in heterosexual families has consistently revealed that childrens adjustment is often related toindices of maternal mental health. One might therefore expect factors that enhance mental health among lesbian mothers or gayfathers also to benefit their children. Lott-Whitehead and Tully (1993) reported considerable variability in the amounts of stressdescribed by lesbian mothers, but did not describe sources of stress nor their relations to child adjustment. Rand, Graham, andRawlings (1982) found that lesbian mothers sense of psychological well-being was associated with their degree of opennessabout their lesbian identity with employers, ex-husbands, and children; mothers who felt more able to disclose their lesbianidentity were more likely to express a positive sense of well-being. Unfortunately, no information about the relations of thesefindings to adjustment or development among children of these women has been reported to date . Another area of great diversity among families with a gay or lesbian parent concerns the degree to which a parents gay orlesbian identity is accepted by other significant people in a childs life. Huggins (1989) found a tendency for children whosefathers were rejecting of maternal lesbian identities to report lower self-esteem than those whose fathers were neutral orpositive. Due to small sample size and absence of significance tests, this finding should be regarded as preliminary andsuggestive rather than definitive. Huggins (1989) finding does, however, raise questions about the extent to which reactions ofimportant adults in a childs environment can influence responses to discovery of a parents gay or lesbian identity. Effects of the age at which children learn of parental homosexuality have also been a topic of study. Paul (1986) found thatoffspring who were told of parental gay, lesbian, or bisexual identity either in childhood or in late adolescence found the newseasier to co pe with than those who first learned of it during early to middle adolescence. Huggins (1989) also reported thatthose who learned of maternal lesbianism in childhood had higher self-esteem than did those who were not informed of it untilthey were adolescents. From a clinical perspective, it is widely agreed that early adolescence is a particularly difficult time forchildren to learn that a father is gay or that a mother is lesbian (Bozett, 1980; Pennington, 1987; Schulenberg, 1985). Some investigators have also raised questions about the potential role of peer support in helping children to deal with issuesraised by having a gay or lesbian parent. Lewis (1980) was the first to suggest that childrens silence on the topic of parentalsexual orientation with peers and siblings might add to their feelings of isolation from other children. All of the 11 adolescentsstudied by OConnell (1993) reported exercising selectivity about when they disclosed information about their mothers lesbianid entities. Paul (1986) found that 29% of his young adult respondents had never known anyone else with a gay, lesbian, orbisexual parent, suggesting that the possibility of isolation is very real for some young people. Potentially negative effects of any such isolation have not, however, been uncovered in research to date. Lewis (1980) suggested thatchildren would benefit from support groups consisting of other children of gay or lesbian parents, and young people interviewedby OConnell (1993) agreed, but systematic evaluations of such groups have not been reported. In summary, research on diversity among families with gay and lesbian parents and on the potential effects of such diversity onchildren is only beginning (Martin 1989; Patterson, 1992, 1995b) Existing data on children of lesbian mothers suggest thatchildren may fare better when mothers are in good psychological health and living with a lesbian partner with whom they sharechild care. Children may find it easier to deal with issues raised by having lesbian or gay parents if they learn of parental sexualorientation during childhood rather than during adolescence. Existing data also suggest the value of a supportive milieu, in whichparental sexual orientation is accepted by other significant adults and in which children have contact with peers in similarcircumstances. The existing data are, however, still very sparse, and any conclusions must be seen as tentative. It is clear, however, that existing research provides no basis for believing that childrens best interests are served by familyconflict or secrecy about a parents gay or lesbian identity, or by requirements that a lesbian or gay parent maintain a householdseparate from that of a same-sex partner. D. Conclusion In summary, there is no evidence to suggest that lesbians and gay men are unfit to be parents or that psychosocial developmentamong children of gay men or lesbians is compromised in any respect relative to that among offspring of heterosex ual parents. Not a single study has found children of gay or lesbian parents to be disadvantaged in any significant respect relative to childrenof heterosexual parents. Indeed, the evidence to date suggests that home environments provided by gay and lesbian parents areas likely as those provided by heterosexual parents to support and enable childrens psychosocial growth. It should be acknowledged that research on lesbian and gay parents and their children is still very new and relatively scarce. Less is known about children of gay fathers than about children of lesbian mothers. Little is known aboutdevelopment of the offspring of gay or lesbian parents during adolescence or adulthood. Sources of heterogeneity have yet tobe systematically investigated. Longitudinal studies that follow lesbian and gay families over time are badly needed. Acknowledgements I wish to thank Clinton Anderson, Natalie Eldridge, Patricia Falk, Mary Henning-Stout, Larry Kurdek, April Martin, BiancaCody Murphy, Vera Paster, and Roy Scrivner for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. II. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY The citations in this annotated bibliography come from a number of sources: from the original APA publication LesbianParents and Their Children, from a PsycLit search on gay and lesbian parenting from the years 1987-1993, and fromrecommendations made by our expert reviewers. We recognize that this bibliography is not all inclusive. The literature onlesbian and gay parenting is rapidly expanding, and we may have missed some resources. Furthermore, there are a number ofdoctoral dissertations on gay and lesbian parenting. We have not included dissertations or some of the material that is writtendirectly for lesbian and gay parents themselves. While primarily drawing upon psychology, we did include some citations fromlaw, psychiatry, and social work publications. The annotated bibliography is divided into four sections. The first section focuses on empirical psychological stud ies. Thesecond section contains book chapters and articles from the periodical literature. The third section contains books. And thebibliography concludes with a section that lists additional resources and organizations. This bibliography was compiled by Bianca Cody Murphy and Lourdes Rodriguez-Nogues with the assistance of Mary Ballou,Edward J. Dunne, Susan Iasenza, Steven James, Linda Jones, Ena Vazquez Nuttall, Gary Ross Reynolds, and WilliamSanchez. Welcome Page | The IndexStories | Should I come out? | Personal Ads | Questions, Questions, Questions | Starting a Family The professional points of view | Religious Views | Legal Help | Sign the GuestbookThe Gay Dad e-mail:emailprotected Last Updated January 12 , 1997 Psychology

Compare the Development in Character of Laurent from Therese Raquin and Grenouille from Perfume Essay Example For Students

Compare the Development in Character of Laurent from Therese Raquin and Grenouille from Perfume Essay The two novels are very different in style and consequently the ways in which the protagonists are presented also differ. However despite this stylistic difference with Zolas naturalistic style creating believable and gritty characters while Susskinds post- modern approach is characterized by a far-fetched storyline featuring fantastic almost supernatural characters, some of the effects are remarkably similar. One of the ways in which the two novels could be said to be similar is the sense of detachment and distance the narrators of both books seem to create from their characters. In perfume the author directly identifies himself with the reader we as moderns, with are knowledge of physics this use of meta-narrative creates an overall effect of separation from Grenouille and encourages us not to empathize with but instead to be repulsed by him This lack of emotional engagement is very important in the development of Grenouille as a character as it is an echo of the lack of empathy that Grenouille himself shows towards his victims and indeed anyone in the novel. Zola also creates a sense of distance between the narrator and the characters in Therese Raquin but not by the use of meta-narrative but by the language that he uses to describe them. When developing the character of Laurent he is described in not just unsympathetic ways, but in condescending ways. A criticism often made of Zola is that his style can be very arrogant and verging on offensive, Laurent is described as being of simple peasant nature and his brutish looks are of true farming stock. This tone creates a sense of mocking, its almost as though Zola is poking fun at the working class and the proletariat for the entertainment of his readers, who would likely be the intellectual French middle classes. The detachment between the narrator and the characters in both of the novels can be seen as something which they have in common. However a way in which the novels differ in terms of characterization of their protagonists could be the use of comparisons to other characters int the novels. For example in Therese Raquin Laurent is described in physicality as a binary opposite to Camille. His handsome full-blooded face and well developed full muscles form a stark juxtaposition to Camille who is described as a sickly child with a puny and languid appearance. The contrast is made all the more apparent when Zola reveals Thereses thoughts upon seeing Laurent she had never seen a real man before Laurent filled her with astonishment. This celebration of the physical defines Laurent by what he is in relation to Camille, a real man with animalistic qualities who can at last answer the unfulfilled passions of Therese. Whereas Zola develops Laurent by what he is and by what qualities he possesses, Susskind does the exact opposite. When developing Grenouilles character he is defined by what he lacks, namely a smell. This lack of an odour creates profound, extreme and very unexpected reactions in the people who experience it, Father Terrier for example. Susskind presents Terrier to the reader as an educated man with a high opinion of his own critical faculties, when the wet nurse Jeanne Bussie comes to him in order to rid herself of the young Grenouille because she cant stand him not having a smell he berates her for holding the superstitious notions of the simple folk. This makes Terriers inevitable repulsion to the child all the more shocking. he tries to get the screaming brat as far away as possible, to another parish if possible, this creates the most impact possible as he was after all an educated man free the simple superstitions of the common folk. .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 , .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .postImageUrl , .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 , .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0:hover , .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0:visited , .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0:active { border:0!important; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0:active , .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0 .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b0dd2b0da443895a4a266d127999da0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Seven Deadly Sins in Doctor Faustus EssayThe way in which the two novels characterize their protagonists is symptomatic of the two genres from which the authors are writing. Zola is one of the leaders of the naturalistic school of writing in France and this is reflected in his development of Laurent. Laurent is everything the naturalistic movement believed made flesh, in concordance with naturalistic beliefs he lacks any meaningful definition of free will. Instead he is controlled by his erotic, animalistic desire for Therese. She responds favorably to this new powerful man and through this acceptance Zola tries to convince his audience that it is indeed the nature of the human condition to surrender to our more primal desires. If it were not then why would Therese choose the wild and exciting lover in a passionate affair over the steady, safe albeit boring life of a 1200 franks a week man? Clearly she is driven by her animalistic desires. The characterization in Perfume is also typical of the style it is written in. However instead of being a novel from the naturalist school of writing this is a very post-modern novel. The priest Terrier rejects Grenouille on the basis of not having a smell even going so far as to cal him evil. This raises the idea of what is evil? And can it really be described as the privation of a smell? The nature and causes of evil and the battle of materialistic and dualistic ideas are two very prominent themes in the post-modern novel. I think its justified to call Perfume a novel of dualistic values. Dualism is the belief that humans are made up of two parts, these are the physical body and also the essence of what it is to be a human. This essence can be defined as different things according to different dualist belief systems but according to Christianity it is our immortal soul. The fact that Suskind chooses a holy man, Father Terrier to be so repulsed by the child due to his lack of smell suggests that perhaps this lack of smell is actually a metaphor for Grenouille lacking a soul, or whatever else we define the dualist essence as. Although initially this assertion sounds a little far-fetched there is actually a surprising amount of evidence for it in the text. It explains why the children at the orphanage were so fearful of him. It wouldnt even be too tenuous a link too suggest that the reason Grenouille desires the love and control over people that his perfumes give him is that he simply desires that which he has never known. As he has no soul he has never felt love or even friendship in his whole life and this feeds his motivation to create awe inspiring perfumes. Another area that both novels explore while developing the character of their main protagonists are violence and what it tells us about the perpetrators, and by implication ourselves. In Therese Raquin Zola celebrates the physical, he is a naturalist and throughout the novel the animalistic and gritty sides of humanity are, although perhaps not always approved of they are unflinchingly portrayed. The world Zola creates is a realistic one, and although not exactly Gomorrah its inhabitants actions are far removed from virtuous. However I think its a mistake to say that Zola approved of his characters. The physical violence in the novel is conducted by Laurent when he murders Camille by throwing him over the side of the rowing boat they are sharing with Therese. In the light of the setting Zola has created these seams to be merely an extension of the animalistic nature which attracted Therese to Laurent in the first place. However the murder quickly starts to weigh heavily on their on their relationship. When Laurent goes to the morgue to find Camilles body the corpses seemed to be mocking him with their leering grimaces. Such gory imagery as is used in the morgue scenes such as the jet playing on the face was digging a hole is used by Zola to playfully repulse his readers in the same way a modern horror film might, it also echoes with Susskinds grotesque realism. The mocking of the corpses is not all that torments Laurent, when he starts to paint again all his paintings take on the countenance of Camille. Through the use of these torturous techniques Zola seams to be giving a warn ing for life, if you behave in this way you will be punished. He also seams to telling us something about the nature of evil. In Therese Raquin evil stems from human corruption of the soul, namely Laurent and Thereses lusts. .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 , .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .postImageUrl , .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 , .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5:hover , .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5:visited , .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5:active { border:0!important; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5:active , .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5 .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ac0f96a704dd9fb1955329b57f837b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hound of the Baskervilles Persuasive EssayHowever the opposite is true for Perfume. In this novel, if we accept my earlier idea that someones scent is a metaphor for their soul, then evil is caused not by a corruption but by a lack of a soul and the desire to gain something which can simulate its effects. This something is the perfect perfume and the effects are to be accepted by and have the chance to be loved by normal members of society. In conclusion both novels draw upon the darker side of humanity to create their protagonists. Susskinds Post-modern style creates an almost supernatural fantastical character whose rejection from mainstream society turns him into a sociopath who desires nothing more than acceptance and will stop at nothing to achieve it. Zola on the other hand doesnt describe a dangerous outsider, but instead warns against the dangers of idleness and immorality by showing the dreadful consequences of acting in such a way. The truths of the character are brought home by Zolas naturalist believable style, making Laurent the opposite of Grenouille. Grenouille is a man whos shown as evil because he cant engage or be accepted by society, whereas Laurent is evil as the personification of a decadent one.